pravo na izbor/život
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Re: pravo na izbor/život
mozda je tu igra?
bandic bi uskoro mogao opet posjrtit remetinac....
bandic bi uskoro mogao opet posjrtit remetinac....
veber- Posts : 53509
2014-12-30
Re: pravo na izbor/život
deda getting old wrote:marcellus wrote:nikad ja nisam zagovaral abortus, a isto tako nikad nisam rekal da je kriminalizacija istog najbolji način suzbijanja.
edukacija, stari, i svijest da je to nemoralan i neprihvatljiv čin.
Zar nisi rekao da je pobačaj ubojstvo? Ako je pobačaj ubojstvo onda ga treba i tretirati kao takvo, a ubojice osuditi.
Ili ti je problem biti dosljedan, ili ne možeš shvatiti cjelokupnost nečeg što zagovaraš. Možda oboje.
Aj ne muci marcelka logikom
Di je kogika tu on ne stanuje
On ti pise u medijima i jebe logiku u glavu
_________________
DUM SPIRO, SPERO
Sora- Posts : 23832
2014-04-29
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Pa ne mora, ali sigurno neće gristi ruku koja ju hrani, osim togas postoje prioriteti u ovoj državi ovakva sranja to nisu već spinudba wrote:Gle, nemoj tako, ne mora ona prvo praviti prosvjed za svaku nepravdu na svijetu da bi imala pravo prosvjedovat protiv onih koji ne žele dicu ka recimo štajaznan, eo, recimo časne sestre.asilovski wrote:Isto je zanimljivo kako debeloj ne smeta prljava para Bandića koji sa svojim jatacima u biti drži u šaci Zagreb i pola države ko Eskobar Kolumbiju, ali no ajmo prosvjedovati protiv abortusa ...
Kermit-
Posts : 26479
2014-04-17
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Svako ima svoje područje dejstvovanja i prioritete, vođama sindikata s 10.000 kn plaćom su to radnička prava, Karamarku sa ženom u Molu su komunistički zločini, a ovoj babi šta uvozi antibebi pilule je to obitelj i natalitet, šta je sporno? Ne mogu svi sve.asilovski wrote:Pa ne mora, ali sigurno neće gristi ruku koja ju hrani, osim togas postoje prioriteti u ovoj državi ovakva sranja to nisu već spinudba wrote:Gle, nemoj tako, ne mora ona prvo praviti prosvjed za svaku nepravdu na svijetu da bi imala pravo prosvjedovat protiv onih koji ne žele dicu ka recimo štajaznan, eo, recimo časne sestre.asilovski wrote:Isto je zanimljivo kako debeloj ne smeta prljava para Bandića koji sa svojim jatacima u biti drži u šaci Zagreb i pola države ko Eskobar Kolumbiju, ali no ajmo prosvjedovati protiv abortusa ...
udba- Posts : 4945
2015-11-10
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Birth Control Implant (Implanon and Nexplanon)
Birth Control Implant at a Glance A matchstick-sized rod that is inserted in the arm to prevent pregnancy Safe, effective, and convenient Must be inserted by a health care provider Costs between $0 and $800 up front, but lasts up to three years - See more at: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/birth-control-implant-implanon#sthash.Fc5jGKlB.dpuf
Guest- Guest
Re: pravo na izbor/život
'Remote control' contraceptive chip available 'by 2018'
A contraceptive computer chip that can be controlled by remote control has been developed in Massachusetts.
The chip is implanted under a woman's skin, releasing a small dose of levonorgestrel, a hormone.
This will happen every day for 16 years, but can be stopped at any time by using a wireless remote control.
The project has been backed by Bill Gates, and will be submitted for pre-clinical testing in the US next year - and possibly go on sale by 2018.
The device measures 20mm x 20mm x 7mm and will be "competitively priced", its creators said.
Convenience factor
Tiny reservoirs of the hormone are stored on a 1.5cm-wide microchip within the device.
A small electric charge melts an ultra-thin seal around the levonorgestrel, releasing the 30 microgram dose into the body.
There are other types of contraceptive implant available, the researchers noted, but all require a trip to a clinic and an outpatient procedure in order to be deactivated.
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28193720
A contraceptive computer chip that can be controlled by remote control has been developed in Massachusetts.
The chip is implanted under a woman's skin, releasing a small dose of levonorgestrel, a hormone.
This will happen every day for 16 years, but can be stopped at any time by using a wireless remote control.
The project has been backed by Bill Gates, and will be submitted for pre-clinical testing in the US next year - and possibly go on sale by 2018.
The device measures 20mm x 20mm x 7mm and will be "competitively priced", its creators said.
Convenience factor
Tiny reservoirs of the hormone are stored on a 1.5cm-wide microchip within the device.
A small electric charge melts an ultra-thin seal around the levonorgestrel, releasing the 30 microgram dose into the body.
There are other types of contraceptive implant available, the researchers noted, but all require a trip to a clinic and an outpatient procedure in order to be deactivated.
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-28193720
Guest- Guest
Re: pravo na izbor/život
deda getting old wrote:marcellus wrote:nikad ja nisam zagovaral abortus, a isto tako nikad nisam rekal da je kriminalizacija istog najbolji način suzbijanja.
edukacija, stari, i svijest da je to nemoralan i neprihvatljiv čin.
Zar nisi rekao da je pobačaj ubojstvo? Ako je pobačaj ubojstvo onda ga treba i tretirati kao takvo, a ubojice osuditi.
Ili ti je problem biti dosljedan, ili ne možeš shvatiti cjelokupnost nečeg što zagovaraš. Možda oboje.
rekao sam da je legalizirano ubojstvo. Ubojstvo može biti i legalno, ili ti je problem shvatiti da zakoni ne moraju nužno biti temeljeni na moralu? Neki put su jednostavno pragmatični.
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
marcellus wrote:Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
Ajdupičkumaterinu psihopatska budaletino dokurčio si s tom lažnom usiljenom patetikom. Marš u pičku materinu smeće psihopatsko.
Guest- Guest
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Usne Stjepana Gnječa wrote:marcellus wrote:Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
Ajdupičkumaterinu psihopatska budaletino dokurčio si s tom lažnom usiljenom patetikom. Marš u pičku materinu smeće psihopatsko.
Opet preskačeš terapiju
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Vidiš, tu se ja ne slažem baš u svemu s tobom kad je abortus u pitanju.marcellus wrote:Usne Stjepana Gnječa wrote:marcellus wrote:Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
Ajdupičkumaterinu psihopatska budaletino dokurčio si s tom lažnom usiljenom patetikom. Marš u pičku materinu smeće psihopatsko.
Opet preskačeš terapiju
Gnječ je slučaj gdje bi abortus bio čak obavezan.
_________________
Jedan je Hase...
Ero- Posts : 13866
2014-04-23
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Ero wrote:Vidiš, tu se ja ne slažem baš u svemu s tobom kad je abortus u pitanju.marcellus wrote:Usne Stjepana Gnječa wrote:marcellus wrote:Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
Ajdupičkumaterinu psihopatska budaletino dokurčio si s tom lažnom usiljenom patetikom. Marš u pičku materinu smeće psihopatsko.
Opet preskačeš terapiju
Gnječ je slučaj gdje bi abortus bio čak obavezan.
Evo dozujalo i smrdljivo ercegovansko govance.
Guest- Guest
Re: pravo na izbor/život
to je tema delikatna, nje se nikada nije usudio niti prihvatiti ustavni sud, niti jedna vlada neće promjeniti postojeći zakon, ni lijeva ni desna, oni znaju da građani hrvatske nisu konzervativni toliko da bi od hrvatske napravili iran, osim ko fol, baza koja podupire ovo je opskurna i mala, nekolicina fanatika s ovom spodobom na čelu koja gura nos u tuđe krevete i živote jer joj je u vlastitom očito dosadno.
tako da je po meni marcel napravio grešku kada se uopće uhvatio ove teme, najbolje je to izbjegavati.
tako da je po meni marcel napravio grešku kada se uopće uhvatio ove teme, najbolje je to izbjegavati.
kaya- Posts : 31419
2015-08-15
Re: pravo na izbor/život
...slazem sekaja_333 wrote:to je tema delikatna, nje se nikada nije usudio niti prihvatiti ustavni sud, niti jedna vlada neće promjeniti postojeći zakon, ni lijeva ni desna, oni znaju da građani hrvatske nisu konzervativni toliko da bi od hrvatske napravili iran, osim ko fol, baza koja podupire ovo je opskurna i mala, nekolicina fanatika s ovom spodobom na čelu koja gura nos u tuđe krevete i živote jer joj je u vlastitom očito dosadno.
tako da je po meni marcel napravio grešku kada se uopće uhvatio ove teme, najbolje je to izbjegavati.
vuksadinare- Posts : 100240
2015-09-08
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Ero wrote:Vidiš, tu se ja ne slažem baš u svemu s tobom kad je abortus u pitanju.marcellus wrote:Usne Stjepana Gnječa wrote:marcellus wrote:Logika: fetus je jedna od faza u razvoju ljudskog bića, kao i djetinjstvo ili starost.
u kojoj god fazi razvoja ubio ljudsko biće, to je i dalje ubojstvo, samo se tako ne zove.
Ajdupičkumaterinu psihopatska budaletino dokurčio si s tom lažnom usiljenom patetikom. Marš u pičku materinu smeće psihopatsko.
Opet preskačeš terapiju
Gnječ je slučaj gdje bi abortus bio čak obavezan.
da.
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Persuasion is an umbrella term of influence. Persuasion can attempt to influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors. In business, persuasion is a process aimed at changing a person's (or a group's) attitude or behavior toward some event, idea, object, or other person(s), by using written or spoken words to convey information, feelings, or reasoning, or a combination thereof.Persuasion is also an often used tool in the pursuit of personal gain, such as election campaigning, giving a sales pitch, or in trial advocacy. Persuasion can also be interpreted as using one's personal or positional resources to change people's behaviors or attitudes. Systematic persuasion is the process through which attitudes or beliefs are leveraged by appeals to logic and reason. Heuristic persuasion on the other hand is the process through which attitudes or beliefs are leveraged by appeals to habit or emotion.
persuazija (latinski persuasio: uvjeravanje, nagovor), oblik komunikacije u kojem se racionalnim sredstvima (argumentima, informacijama i sl.) nastoji djelovati na prosudbe, stavove, vjerovanja ili djelovanje pojedinca. Uspješnost persuazije ovisi o svojstvima same komunikacije (npr. obrazloženosti argumenata, vjerodostojnosti izvora informacija, autoritetu i osobinama osobe koja uvjerava), kao i o svojstvima pojedinca na kojega se persuazivno djeluje (npr. o njegovim čuvstvenim reakcijama prema izvoru informacija, već postojećim vjerovanjima i sl.). Ispitivanja procesa persuazije pokazala su da njezina uspješnost ovisi o nizu racionalnih i iracionalnih čimbenika. Persuazija se provodi i kao oblik psihoterapije.
persuazija (latinski persuasio: uvjeravanje, nagovor), oblik komunikacije u kojem se racionalnim sredstvima (argumentima, informacijama i sl.) nastoji djelovati na prosudbe, stavove, vjerovanja ili djelovanje pojedinca. Uspješnost persuazije ovisi o svojstvima same komunikacije (npr. obrazloženosti argumenata, vjerodostojnosti izvora informacija, autoritetu i osobinama osobe koja uvjerava), kao i o svojstvima pojedinca na kojega se persuazivno djeluje (npr. o njegovim čuvstvenim reakcijama prema izvoru informacija, već postojećim vjerovanjima i sl.). Ispitivanja procesa persuazije pokazala su da njezina uspješnost ovisi o nizu racionalnih i iracionalnih čimbenika. Persuazija se provodi i kao oblik psihoterapije.
Guest- Guest
Re: pravo na izbor/život
kaja_333 wrote:to je tema delikatna, nje se nikada nije usudio niti prihvatiti ustavni sud, niti jedna vlada neće promjeniti postojeći zakon, ni lijeva ni desna, oni znaju da građani hrvatske nisu konzervativni toliko da bi od hrvatske napravili iran, osim ko fol, baza koja podupire ovo je opskurna i mala, nekolicina fanatika s ovom spodobom na čelu koja gura nos u tuđe krevete i živote jer joj je u vlastitom očito dosadno.
tako da je po meni marcel napravio grešku kada se uopće uhvatio ove teme, najbolje je to izbjegavati.
ne, mislim da je tema važna. Prije 20 godina imali smo 20 000 pobačaja godišnje, danas imamo skoro deset puta manje.
Isto tako mislim da to što nešto možemo uraditi, ne znači da bismo trebali. Mislim da više hrabrosti i "emancipacije" treba za priznati trudnoću i ponosno je iznijeti, pa makar dijete završilo i na usvajanju, nego skrivečki otići na ab.
Uostalom, nisam protivnik kontracepcije, dapače, toplo preporučam istu, ono ako se ne vežeš pojasom u autu pa zvekneš u drvo sa sto na sat ne možeš radi svog propusta dva mjeseca kasnije "poništiti" stvar (abortirati). Ljudi trebaju paziti što rade, i snositi nekakvu odgovornost.
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Uostalom ako svatko smije sa svojim tijelom raditi što ga volja, zašto onda nije dozvoljeno amputirati si zdravu nogu, ali jest amputirati zdrav plod?
_________________
marcellus- Posts : 46005
2014-04-16
Re: pravo na izbor/život
Media / Political Bias
There is no such thing as an objective point of view.
No matter how much we may try to ignore it, human communication always takes place in a context, through a medium, and among individuals and groups who are situated historically, politically, economically, and socially. This state of affairs is neither bad nor good. It simply is. Bias is a small word that identifies the collective influences of the entire context of a message.
Politicians are certainly biased and overtly so. They belong to parties and espouse policies and ideologies. And while they may think their individual ideologies are simply common sense, they understand that they speak from political positions.
Journalists, too, speak from political positions but usually not overtly so.
For citizens and information consumers (which are one in the same today), it is important to develop the skill of detecting bias. Remember: Bias does not suggest that a message is false or unfair. You should apply other techniques in the Rhetorica Critical Meter to determine if a message is fallacious.
Critical questions for detecting bias:
1. What is the author's / speaker's socio-political position? With what social, political, or professional groups is the speaker identified?
2. Does the speaker have anything to gain personally from delivering the message?
3. Who is paying for the message? Where does the message appear? What is the bias of the medium? Who stands to gain?
4. What sources does the speaker use, and how credible are they? Does the speaker cite statistics? If so, how were the data gathered, who gathered the data, and are the data being presented fully?
5. How does the speaker present arguments? Is the message one-sided, or does it include alternative points of view? Does the speaker fairly present alternative arguments? Does the speaker ignore obviously conflicting arguments?
6. If the message includes alternative points of view, how are those views characterized? Does the speaker use positive words and images to describe his/her point of view and negative words and images to describe other points of view? Does the speaker ascribe positive motivations to his/her point of view and negative motivations to alternative points of view?
Bias in the news media
Is the news media biased toward liberals? Yes. Is the news media biased toward conservatives? Yes. These questions and answers are uninteresting because it is possible to find evidence--anecdotal and otherwise--to "prove" media bias of one stripe or another. Far more interesting and instructive is studying the inherent, or structural, biases of journalism as a professional practice--especially as mediated through television. I use the word "bias" here to challenge its current use by partisan critics. A more accepted, and perhaps more accurate, term would be "frame." These are some of the professional frames that structure what journalists can see and how they can present what they see.
1. Commercial bias: The news media are money-making businesses. As such, they must deliver a good product to their customers to make a profit. The customers of the news media are advertisers. The most important product the news media delivers to its customers are readers or viewers. Good is defined in numbers and quality of readers or viewers. The news media are biased toward conflict (re: bad news and narrative biases below) because conflict draws readers and viewers. Harmony is boring.
2. Temporal bias: The news media are biased toward the immediate. News is what's new and fresh. To be immediate and fresh, the news must be ever-changing even when there is little news to cover.
3. Visual bias: Television (and, increasingly, newspapers) is biased toward visual depictions of news. Television is nothing without pictures. Legitimate news that has no visual angle is likely to get little attention. Much of what is important in politics--policy--cannot be photographed.
4. Bad news bias: Good news is boring (and probably does not photograph well, either). This bias makes the world look like a more dangerous place than it really is. Plus, this bias makes politicians look far more crooked than they really are.
5. Narrative bias: The news media cover the news in terms of "stories" that must have a beginning, middle, and end--in other words, a plot with antagonists and protagonists. Much of what happens in our world, however, is ambiguous. The news media apply a narrative structure to ambiguous events suggesting that these events are easily understood and have clear cause-and-effect relationships. Good storytelling requires drama, and so this bias often leads journalists to add, or seek out, drama for the sake of drama. Controversy creates drama. Journalists often seek out the opinions of competing experts or officials in order to present conflict between two sides of an issue (sometimes referred to as the authority-disorder bias). Lastly, narrative bias leads many journalists to create, and then hang on to, master narratives--set story lines with set characters who act in set ways. Once a master narrative has been set, it is very difficult to get journalists to see that their narrative is simply one way, and not necessarily the correct or best way, of viewing people and events.
6. Status Quo bias: The news media believe "the system works." During the "fiasco in Florida," recall that the news media were compelled to remind us that the Constitution was safe, the process was working, and all would be well. The mainstream news media never question the structure of the political system. The American way is the only way, politically and socially. In fact, the American way is news. The press spends vast amounts of time in unquestioning coverage of the process of political campaigns (but less so on the process of governance). This bias ensures that alternate points of view about how government might run and what government might do are effectively ignored.
7. Fairness bias: No, this is not an oxymoron. Ethical journalistic practice demands that reporters and editors be fair. In the news product this bias manifests as a contention between/among political actors (also re: narrative bias above). Whenever one faction or politician does something or says something newsworthy, the press is compelled by this bias to get a reaction from an opposing camp. This creates the illusion that the game of politics is always contentious and never cooperative. This bias can also create situations in which one faction appears to be attacked by the press. For example, politician A announces some positive accomplishment followed by the press seeking a negative comment from politician B. The point is not to disparage politician A but to be fair to politician B. When politician A is a conservative, this practice appears to be liberal bias.
8. Expediency bias: Journalism is a competitive, deadline-driven profession. Reporters compete among themselves for prime space or air time. News organizations compete for market share and reader/viewer attention. And the 24-hour news cycle--driven by the immediacy of television and the internet--creates a situation in which the job of competing never comes to a rest. Add financial pressures to this mix--the general desire of media groups for profit margins that exceed what's "normal" in many other industries--and you create a bias toward information that can be obtained quickly, easily, and inexpensively. Need an expert/official quote (status quo bias) to balance (fairness bias) a story (narrative bias)? Who can you get on the phone fast? Who is always ready with a quote and always willing to speak (i.e. say what you need them to say to balance the story)? Who sent a press release recently? Much of deadline decision making comes down to gathering information that is readily available from sources that are well known.
9. Glory bias: Journalists, especially television reporters, often assert themselves into the stories they cover. This happens most often in terms of proximity, i.e. to the locus of unfolding events or within the orbit of powerful political and civic actors. This bias helps journalists establish and maintain a cultural identity as knowledgeable insiders (although many journalists reject the notion that follows from this--that they are players in the game and not merely observers). The glory bias shows itself in particularly obnoxious ways in television journalism. News promos with stirring music and heroic pictures of individual reporters create the aura of omnipresence and omnipotence. I ascribe the use of the satellite phone to this bias. Note how often it's used in situations in which a normal video feed should be no problem to establish, e.g. a report from Tokyo I saw recently on CNN. The jerky pictures and fuzzy sound of the satellite phone create a romantic image of foreign adventure.
There is no such thing as an objective point of view.
No matter how much we may try to ignore it, human communication always takes place in a context, through a medium, and among individuals and groups who are situated historically, politically, economically, and socially. This state of affairs is neither bad nor good. It simply is. Bias is a small word that identifies the collective influences of the entire context of a message.
Politicians are certainly biased and overtly so. They belong to parties and espouse policies and ideologies. And while they may think their individual ideologies are simply common sense, they understand that they speak from political positions.
Journalists, too, speak from political positions but usually not overtly so.
For citizens and information consumers (which are one in the same today), it is important to develop the skill of detecting bias. Remember: Bias does not suggest that a message is false or unfair. You should apply other techniques in the Rhetorica Critical Meter to determine if a message is fallacious.
Critical questions for detecting bias:
1. What is the author's / speaker's socio-political position? With what social, political, or professional groups is the speaker identified?
2. Does the speaker have anything to gain personally from delivering the message?
3. Who is paying for the message? Where does the message appear? What is the bias of the medium? Who stands to gain?
4. What sources does the speaker use, and how credible are they? Does the speaker cite statistics? If so, how were the data gathered, who gathered the data, and are the data being presented fully?
5. How does the speaker present arguments? Is the message one-sided, or does it include alternative points of view? Does the speaker fairly present alternative arguments? Does the speaker ignore obviously conflicting arguments?
6. If the message includes alternative points of view, how are those views characterized? Does the speaker use positive words and images to describe his/her point of view and negative words and images to describe other points of view? Does the speaker ascribe positive motivations to his/her point of view and negative motivations to alternative points of view?
Bias in the news media
Is the news media biased toward liberals? Yes. Is the news media biased toward conservatives? Yes. These questions and answers are uninteresting because it is possible to find evidence--anecdotal and otherwise--to "prove" media bias of one stripe or another. Far more interesting and instructive is studying the inherent, or structural, biases of journalism as a professional practice--especially as mediated through television. I use the word "bias" here to challenge its current use by partisan critics. A more accepted, and perhaps more accurate, term would be "frame." These are some of the professional frames that structure what journalists can see and how they can present what they see.
1. Commercial bias: The news media are money-making businesses. As such, they must deliver a good product to their customers to make a profit. The customers of the news media are advertisers. The most important product the news media delivers to its customers are readers or viewers. Good is defined in numbers and quality of readers or viewers. The news media are biased toward conflict (re: bad news and narrative biases below) because conflict draws readers and viewers. Harmony is boring.
2. Temporal bias: The news media are biased toward the immediate. News is what's new and fresh. To be immediate and fresh, the news must be ever-changing even when there is little news to cover.
3. Visual bias: Television (and, increasingly, newspapers) is biased toward visual depictions of news. Television is nothing without pictures. Legitimate news that has no visual angle is likely to get little attention. Much of what is important in politics--policy--cannot be photographed.
4. Bad news bias: Good news is boring (and probably does not photograph well, either). This bias makes the world look like a more dangerous place than it really is. Plus, this bias makes politicians look far more crooked than they really are.
5. Narrative bias: The news media cover the news in terms of "stories" that must have a beginning, middle, and end--in other words, a plot with antagonists and protagonists. Much of what happens in our world, however, is ambiguous. The news media apply a narrative structure to ambiguous events suggesting that these events are easily understood and have clear cause-and-effect relationships. Good storytelling requires drama, and so this bias often leads journalists to add, or seek out, drama for the sake of drama. Controversy creates drama. Journalists often seek out the opinions of competing experts or officials in order to present conflict between two sides of an issue (sometimes referred to as the authority-disorder bias). Lastly, narrative bias leads many journalists to create, and then hang on to, master narratives--set story lines with set characters who act in set ways. Once a master narrative has been set, it is very difficult to get journalists to see that their narrative is simply one way, and not necessarily the correct or best way, of viewing people and events.
6. Status Quo bias: The news media believe "the system works." During the "fiasco in Florida," recall that the news media were compelled to remind us that the Constitution was safe, the process was working, and all would be well. The mainstream news media never question the structure of the political system. The American way is the only way, politically and socially. In fact, the American way is news. The press spends vast amounts of time in unquestioning coverage of the process of political campaigns (but less so on the process of governance). This bias ensures that alternate points of view about how government might run and what government might do are effectively ignored.
7. Fairness bias: No, this is not an oxymoron. Ethical journalistic practice demands that reporters and editors be fair. In the news product this bias manifests as a contention between/among political actors (also re: narrative bias above). Whenever one faction or politician does something or says something newsworthy, the press is compelled by this bias to get a reaction from an opposing camp. This creates the illusion that the game of politics is always contentious and never cooperative. This bias can also create situations in which one faction appears to be attacked by the press. For example, politician A announces some positive accomplishment followed by the press seeking a negative comment from politician B. The point is not to disparage politician A but to be fair to politician B. When politician A is a conservative, this practice appears to be liberal bias.
8. Expediency bias: Journalism is a competitive, deadline-driven profession. Reporters compete among themselves for prime space or air time. News organizations compete for market share and reader/viewer attention. And the 24-hour news cycle--driven by the immediacy of television and the internet--creates a situation in which the job of competing never comes to a rest. Add financial pressures to this mix--the general desire of media groups for profit margins that exceed what's "normal" in many other industries--and you create a bias toward information that can be obtained quickly, easily, and inexpensively. Need an expert/official quote (status quo bias) to balance (fairness bias) a story (narrative bias)? Who can you get on the phone fast? Who is always ready with a quote and always willing to speak (i.e. say what you need them to say to balance the story)? Who sent a press release recently? Much of deadline decision making comes down to gathering information that is readily available from sources that are well known.
9. Glory bias: Journalists, especially television reporters, often assert themselves into the stories they cover. This happens most often in terms of proximity, i.e. to the locus of unfolding events or within the orbit of powerful political and civic actors. This bias helps journalists establish and maintain a cultural identity as knowledgeable insiders (although many journalists reject the notion that follows from this--that they are players in the game and not merely observers). The glory bias shows itself in particularly obnoxious ways in television journalism. News promos with stirring music and heroic pictures of individual reporters create the aura of omnipresence and omnipotence. I ascribe the use of the satellite phone to this bias. Note how often it's used in situations in which a normal video feed should be no problem to establish, e.g. a report from Tokyo I saw recently on CNN. The jerky pictures and fuzzy sound of the satellite phone create a romantic image of foreign adventure.
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