Abenologija
Page 40 of 50
Page 40 of 50 • 1 ... 21 ... 39, 40, 41 ... 45 ... 50
Re: Abenologija
Noor wrote:kic wrote:Noor wrote:moj vojnik ih odere 80 u komadukic wrote:
javi se kad budes mogao 20 sklekova :P
imas svoju vojsku?^^
freaking cool^^
Re: Abenologija
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minutaaben wrote:nemoj zajebavati?Noor wrote:imam je i ja, al ne zbog športiaben wrote:za sedmicu dvi, jo sun ponovno on line, noga se samoobnavlja, takulin neNoor wrote:nije, najgore je zbog škrtosti mortonovu metatarzalgijuaben wrote:
cijena, veruj mi.
toliko su bile jadne, previše sun ih zatezo samo da morin teći.
đordan? jedino ča je gore od dati 215 kn za športi je dati 1000 za športi.
takulin=novčanik?
to sun jo dijagnosticiro sun sebi;
boli me na bazi nepristojnog prsta, samo kad stanen na nogu. ne mogu hodati ni na prstima, jedino mogu skriviti stopalo i cotati ko kaiser sozse..
i bolilo me dvi sedmice, ali sun zanemarivo bol, i nastavljo igrati, pa sa više ne morin ni hoditi, kamoli teći.
jel zvuči ko metatarzalgija?
e, takulin za šoldi držati
a, vidi...nalaziš li se tu, mada priča i o specifičnim sportovima koji stvaraju pritisak na prednji dio stopala...
https://www.krenizdravo.rtl.hr/zdravlje/bolesti-zdravlje/mortonov-neurom-zivac-u-stopalu-uzroci-simptomi-i-lijecenje
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
Štikla?Noor wrote:
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minuta
Sve za ljepotu
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
Noor wrote:meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minutaaben wrote:nemoj zajebavati?Noor wrote:imam je i ja, al ne zbog športiaben wrote:za sedmicu dvi, jo sun ponovno on line, noga se samoobnavlja, takulin neNoor wrote:
nije, najgore je zbog škrtosti mortonovu metatarzalgiju
takulin=novčanik?
to sun jo dijagnosticiro sun sebi;
boli me na bazi nepristojnog prsta, samo kad stanen na nogu. ne mogu hodati ni na prstima, jedino mogu skriviti stopalo i cotati ko kaiser sozse..
i bolilo me dvi sedmice, ali sun zanemarivo bol, i nastavljo igrati, pa sa više ne morin ni hoditi, kamoli teći.
jel zvuči ko metatarzalgija?
e, takulin za šoldi držati
a, vidi...nalaziš li se tu, mada priča i o specifičnim sportovima koji stvaraju pritisak na prednji dio stopala...
https://www.krenizdravo.rtl.hr/zdravlje/bolesti-zdravlje/mortonov-neurom-zivac-u-stopalu-uzroci-simptomi-i-lijecenje
prečito sun to, ali ne piše precizno koliko dugo to samoozdravljenje tribo trajati
_________________
Insofar as it is educational, it is not compulsory;
And insofar as it is compulsory, it is not educational
aben- Posts : 35492
2014-04-16
Re: Abenologija
Rabarbara wrote:Štikla?Noor wrote:
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minuta
Sve za ljepotu
ne svaka, samo ona koja je ko španjolska čizma ili s platformom
konačno je i to out, pa opet ima normalnih ugodnih štikli za kupiti
ovo sve je završilo u smeću
Last edited by Noor on 13/1/2019, 20:06; edited 1 time in total
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
aben wrote:Noor wrote:meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minutaaben wrote:nemoj zajebavati?Noor wrote:imam je i ja, al ne zbog športiaben wrote:
za sedmicu dvi, jo sun ponovno on line, noga se samoobnavlja, takulin ne
takulin=novčanik?
to sun jo dijagnosticiro sun sebi;
boli me na bazi nepristojnog prsta, samo kad stanen na nogu. ne mogu hodati ni na prstima, jedino mogu skriviti stopalo i cotati ko kaiser sozse..
i bolilo me dvi sedmice, ali sun zanemarivo bol, i nastavljo igrati, pa sa više ne morin ni hoditi, kamoli teći.
jel zvuči ko metatarzalgija?
e, takulin za šoldi držati
a, vidi...nalaziš li se tu, mada priča i o specifičnim sportovima koji stvaraju pritisak na prednji dio stopala...
https://www.krenizdravo.rtl.hr/zdravlje/bolesti-zdravlje/mortonov-neurom-zivac-u-stopalu-uzroci-simptomi-i-lijecenje
prečito sun to, ali ne piše precizno koliko dugo to samoozdravljenje tribo trajati
pa, piše...
Oporavak i povratak svakodnevnim sportskim aktivnostima ovisi od osobe do osobe
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
Ma nemam pojma, nabadam bez veze. :)Noor wrote:ne svaka, samo ona koja je ko španjolska čizma ili s platformomRabarbara wrote:Štikla?Noor wrote:
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minuta
Sve za ljepotu
konačno je i to out, pa opet ima normalnih ugodnih štikli za kupiti
ovo sve je završilo u smeću
Imala sam dugo upalu stopalne tetive. Nije bilo zbog cipela (znaš da nisam pobornik štikli) nego zbog uboda u peti. Sitni komadić stakla koji doktor nije ogao izvaditi pa sam pri hodu krivila stopalo i zmrdala tetivu. Bez obzira na fizioterapiju i vježbe boljelo me mjesecima.
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
Rabarbara wrote:Ma nemam pojma, nabadam bez veze. :)Noor wrote:ne svaka, samo ona koja je ko španjolska čizma ili s platformomRabarbara wrote:Štikla?Noor wrote:
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minuta
Sve za ljepotu
konačno je i to out, pa opet ima normalnih ugodnih štikli za kupiti
ovo sve je završilo u smeću
Imala sam dugo upalu stopalne tetive. Nije bilo zbog cipela (znaš da nisam pobornik štikli) nego zbog uboda u peti. Sitni komadić stakla koji doktor nije ogao izvaditi pa sam pri hodu krivila stopalo i zmrdala tetivu. Bez obzira na fizioterapiju i vježbe boljelo me mjesecima.
martensico moja , bome si dobro sredila tetivu onda
višeputa sam na terenu stala na čavao, dva puta tako da kad sam digla stopalo, digla se i daska iz koje je čavao virio, mislila sam da mi je na rist izbio van, al srećom nije...
mjesecima sam hodala na vanjskom rubu stopala i isto tako me noga trgala do dupeta, dok nije prošlo..
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
Pola godine zajebancije zbog truna stakla.Noor wrote:Rabarbara wrote:Ma nemam pojma, nabadam bez veze. :)Noor wrote:ne svaka, samo ona koja je ko španjolska čizma ili s platformomRabarbara wrote:Štikla?Noor wrote:
meni se bol javlja samo u određenoj obući, kad se izujem i izmasiram u vrućoj vodi, otpusti u 15 minuta
Sve za ljepotu
konačno je i to out, pa opet ima normalnih ugodnih štikli za kupiti
ovo sve je završilo u smeću
Imala sam dugo upalu stopalne tetive. Nije bilo zbog cipela (znaš da nisam pobornik štikli) nego zbog uboda u peti. Sitni komadić stakla koji doktor nije ogao izvaditi pa sam pri hodu krivila stopalo i zmrdala tetivu. Bez obzira na fizioterapiju i vježbe boljelo me mjesecima.
martensico moja , bome si dobro sredila tetivu onda
višeputa sam na terenu stala na čavao, dva puta tako da kad sam digla stopalo, digla se i daska iz koje je čavao virio, mislila sam da mi je na rist izbio van, al srećom nije...
mjesecima sam hodala na vanjskom rubu stopala i isto tako me noga trgala do dupeta, dok nije prošlo..
Ti ne nosiš radnu obuću na poslu?
Bome ja imam nekoliko pari u autu za svako godišnje doba. Inače mi ne vrijedi osiguranje. Diša je baš ono sve po pravilima struke. Valjda zato i jesam ovako dugo u istoj firmi. :)
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
naravno da nosim, ovo je bilo na jednom neočekivanom posjetu, nisam sa sobom imala ništa i odmah sam ga našla. drugi put doma na svom gradilištuRabarbara wrote:Pola godine zajebancije zbog truna stakla.Noor wrote:Rabarbara wrote:Ma nemam pojma, nabadam bez veze. :)Noor wrote:ne svaka, samo ona koja je ko španjolska čizma ili s platformomRabarbara wrote:
Štikla?
Sve za ljepotu
konačno je i to out, pa opet ima normalnih ugodnih štikli za kupiti
ovo sve je završilo u smeću
Imala sam dugo upalu stopalne tetive. Nije bilo zbog cipela (znaš da nisam pobornik štikli) nego zbog uboda u peti. Sitni komadić stakla koji doktor nije ogao izvaditi pa sam pri hodu krivila stopalo i zmrdala tetivu. Bez obzira na fizioterapiju i vježbe boljelo me mjesecima.
martensico moja , bome si dobro sredila tetivu onda
višeputa sam na terenu stala na čavao, dva puta tako da kad sam digla stopalo, digla se i daska iz koje je čavao virio, mislila sam da mi je na rist izbio van, al srećom nije...
mjesecima sam hodala na vanjskom rubu stopala i isto tako me noga trgala do dupeta, dok nije prošlo..
Ti ne nosiš radnu obuću na poslu?
Bome ja imam nekoliko pari u autu za svako godišnje doba. Inače mi ne vrijedi osiguranje. Diša je baš ono sve po pravilima struke. Valjda zato i jesam ovako dugo u istoj firmi. :)
inače, šljem, jakna, prsluk, niske i visoke zaštitne cipele i gumene čizme...sve to vlečem u autu i na plac
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
Rabarbara wrote:Zamrla Abenologija.
Posvojeno čedo se zanemaruje
you dont get how it works
_________________
Insofar as it is educational, it is not compulsory;
And insofar as it is compulsory, it is not educational
aben- Posts : 35492
2014-04-16
Re: Abenologija
pitam se..zašto?Rabarbara wrote:Zamrla Abenologija.
Posvojeno čedo se zanemaruje
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
A sto sad? Malo vam potiho? Tako vam i treba kad ste potjerali Metildu, vi sirokih misli i prosirenih vena! :p
Ali zalud vas podsjecat' na staru atlandidjansku poslovicu: "Tko se sam zajebe, najbolje se zajebe!"
Ali zalud vas podsjecat' na staru atlandidjansku poslovicu: "Tko se sam zajebe, najbolje se zajebe!"
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
sick fucks.
imun 9 kolegicov oko sebe, i upravo san in pokozo video i pito ih jel se osićaju da ih zlostavljamo kolega i jo...ove dinaridice bi teško bilo zlostavljati
imun 9 kolegicov oko sebe, i upravo san in pokozo video i pito ih jel se osićaju da ih zlostavljamo kolega i jo...ove dinaridice bi teško bilo zlostavljati
_________________
Insofar as it is educational, it is not compulsory;
And insofar as it is compulsory, it is not educational
aben- Posts : 35492
2014-04-16
Re: Abenologija
Noor wrote:pitam se..zašto?Rabarbara wrote:Zamrla Abenologija.
Posvojeno čedo se zanemaruje
vodi se hibridni rat bikoz It's So Good To Be Bad.
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
Science
When will the Earth try to kill us again?
Most mass extinctions began with vast convulsions of Earth’s interior—can we detect that?
Our planet Earth has extinguished large portions of its inhabitants several times since the dawn of animals. And if science tells us anything, it will surely try to kill us all again. Working in the 19th century, paleontology pioneer Georges Cuvier saw dramatic turnovers of life in the fossil record and likened them to the French Revolution, then still fresh in his memory.
Today, we refer to such events as “mass extinctions,” incidents in which many species of animals and plants died out in a geological instant. They are so profound and have such global reach that geological time itself is sliced up into periods—Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous—that are often defined by these mass extinctions.
Debate over what caused these factory resets of life has raged ever since Cuvier’s time. He considered them to be caused by environmental catastrophes that rearranged the oceans and continents. Since then, a host of explanations have been proposed, including diseases, galactic gamma rays, dark matter, and even methane from microbes. But since the 1970s, most scientists have considered the likely root cause to be either asteroid impacts, massive volcanic eruptions, or a combination of both.
Those asteroid (or comet) impacts have captured the public imagination ever since 1980, when Luis and Walter Alvarez found global traces of iridium, which they inferred to be extraterrestrial, at the geological boundary that marked the disappearance of the dinosaurs. The identification of the Chicxulub impact crater in Mexico soon after sealed the deal. Impacts have been proposed to explain other mass extinctions, but there’s very little actual evidence to support those links. In the words of researchers David Bond and Stephen Grasby, who reviewed the evidence in 2016: “Despite much searching, there remains only one confirmed example of a bolide impact coinciding with an extinction event.”
Not just a random series of unfortunate events
Volcanism, on the other hand, has coincided with most, if not all, mass extinctions—it looks suspiciously like a serial killer, if you like.
This isn’t your regular Vesuvius/St. Helens/Hawaii style volcanism. It’s not even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone or Tambora. I’m talking about something far, far bigger: a rare, epic volcanic phenomenon called a Large Igneous Province or “LIP.”
LIPs are floods of basalt lava on an unimaginable scale: the Siberian Traps LIP, which erupted at the end-Permian extinction, covers an area the size of Europe. It’s estimated that over 3 million cubic kilometers of rock were vomited onto the planet’s surface,
The end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, stretching from Canada to Brazil into Europe and West Africa, was just as large. Others are similarly gigantic.
In the words of Bond and Grasby, “Four of the ‘Big Five’ extinctions are associated with LIPs—too many to be mere coincidence —implying that large-scale volcanism is the main driver of mass extinctions.”
Even the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous was simultaneous with the Deccan Traps LIP in India. It’s possible that the combination of the Chicxulub asteroid impact and the Deccan eruptions, rather than just the impact, pushed life over the edge.
And recent evidence points to a LIP trigger for the second phase of the end-Ordovician extinction, the one missing from Bond and Grasby’s quote. If confirmed, that would link LIPs to all five of the Big Five extinctions.
Burgess used the new dating techniques to show that the Siberian Traps LIP was also quick, and it happened at precisely the same time as the end-Permian mass extinction—Earth’s most severe. “We dated the first magmas to spread laterally into the shallow Siberian crust and think these magmas are the culprit,” he said. “This spread happened fast and at precisely the same time as the extinction.”
As someone told me years ago, there’s a lot of time in deep time. Yet the LIP and the extinction happen at exactly the same time, even though the gaps between these eruptions are millions or tens of millions of years. That seems enough to declare the LIP a smoking gun behind that extinction.
This is true for multiple LIP-extinction links. Precise matches have been confirmed for the mid-Cambrian, the end-Triassic, the Toarcian, and others. And it isn’t just a date match. Volcanic nickel and mercury have been found at several extinction-aged locations, including for the Ordovician and Cretaceous events.
So if our serial killer is the volcanism associated with an LIP eruption, when will it strike again?
To answer that, we need to find what causes the planet to hemorrhage lava on such a scale. And for that, we need to look deep into Earth’s mantle.
Where tectonic plates converge, slabs of ocean-floor rock plunge continuously into the mantle in a process called subduction. Seismology reveals these slabs sinking toward the core-mantle boundary “like a leaf in a pool,” as geologist Jonny Wu of the University of Houston puts it. That export of rock from the surface into Earth’s interior must be balanced by flow in the other direction. Mantle plumes are part of that return flow, so perhaps the hyperactive plumes that drive LIPs begin with hyperactive subduction, as Romanowicz told Ars:
“I think there is time dependence in this whole thing. What goes up has to come down, and vice versa,” she said. “It may be that all of a sudden you get a large mass of subducted material that goes into the lower mantle, so this may also trigger things going up in pulses. You may get these pulses of upwelling that give rise to Large Igneous Provinces that occur episodically.”
If Romanowicz is right, then to figure out when Earth will try to kill us again we need to find parts of the world with hyperactive subduction. A prime candidate is East Asia. “The Pacific subduction rate is so fast that you’ve got to find space to get all the slab in there,” said Wu. “And East Asia has had such a long history of subduction it’s jammed up.”
Subducted material has been piling up in the lower mantle beneath the Western Pacific for tens of millions of years, possibly priming the pump for a pulse of upwelling and a future LIP. The thing is, you won’t have to worry about the pile up in your lifetime, or many generations of your descendants. At the rate slabs sink into the lower mantle, it would take at least a couple of hundred million years for that subducted material to return to Earth’s surface.
LIPs may be on a cycle. On average, there’s one every 15 million years, with the last occurring 16 million years ago (the Columbia River LIP in northwestern USA). By that rough reckoning, we are overdue for another. But Olson and others link LIPs to longer cycles in Earth’s magnetic field, which switch between eras of rapid magnetic field reversals (roughly every 200,000 years) to periods of no reversals (lasting 25 to 40 million years).
Since the churning of liquid metal that generates our magnetic field is driven by the flow of heat from the core, changes in how well the mantle insulates the core should, Olson argues, affect the magnetic field. Seismologists have mapped out two continent-sized hot regions in the lower mantle called “Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces” or “LLSVPs,” that peak 1,800 kilometers above the core-mantle boundary. Olson thinks these may go through a long-term cycle of growth followed by slumping, which paces core heat loss and magnetic reversals. He proposes that slumping LLSVPs also kick-start hyperactive mantle plumes, which erupt as LIPs 30 to 60 million years later.
How the Earth will try to kill us again
Even if LIPs are the “smoking gun” behind most mass extinctions, that still doesn’t tell us how they killed animals. It wasn’t the lava. Despite the moniker—flood basalts—these are not raging torrents. You could probably out-walk the lava from a Large Igneous Province. As vast as they were, they flowed in much the same way as lava in Iceland or Hawaii flows today, with glistening orange and grey lobes swelling, stretching, and spilling to make new lobes. An advancing front will typically move at about a kilometer or two in a day (the average person can walk that distance in 30 minutes).
Unfortunately, gas is deadlier than lava.
The 1783-4 Laki eruption in Iceland gave us a tiny taste of what to expect from a LIP. It bathed Europe in an acid haze for five months, strong enough to burn throats and eyes, scorch vegetation and tarnish metal, to kill insects and even fish. That may be a killer, but, as far as science can tell, the haze from a LIP on its own is unlikely to be sufficient to cause a mass extinction. The climate effects of volcanic gases are deadlier still. Stratospheric sulfur from Laki cooled the planet by 1.3 degrees Celsius for three years, triggering one of the most severe winters on record in Europe, North America, Russia, and Japan. Famines ensued in many parts of the world, and that may have planted the seeds for the French Revolution five years later.
A decade-long LIP eruption could cool the planet by about 4.5 degrees Celsius, although the climate would recover in 50 years. This would no doubt cause geopolitical and financial chaos, but it’s unlikely by itself to eradicate a significant percentage of species from the sea, given the time it takes to mix the oceans (about a thousand years) and their huge thermal inertia.
That is borne out by the fact that not every LIP causes a mass extinction. As an example, the Paraná–Etendeka LIP, which erupted 134 million years ago in South America and Southern Africa, had only a small effect on climate and no mass extinction. The Columbia River LIP is another example of a relatively harmless event, despite blanketing a large part of northwestern USA in lava.
Something else must be required to kill off life on a global scale. The clue is, once again, revealed by precise rock dates.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/11/when-will-the-earth-try-to-kill-us-again/
When will the Earth try to kill us again?
Most mass extinctions began with vast convulsions of Earth’s interior—can we detect that?
Our planet Earth has extinguished large portions of its inhabitants several times since the dawn of animals. And if science tells us anything, it will surely try to kill us all again. Working in the 19th century, paleontology pioneer Georges Cuvier saw dramatic turnovers of life in the fossil record and likened them to the French Revolution, then still fresh in his memory.
Today, we refer to such events as “mass extinctions,” incidents in which many species of animals and plants died out in a geological instant. They are so profound and have such global reach that geological time itself is sliced up into periods—Permian, Triassic, Cretaceous—that are often defined by these mass extinctions.
Debate over what caused these factory resets of life has raged ever since Cuvier’s time. He considered them to be caused by environmental catastrophes that rearranged the oceans and continents. Since then, a host of explanations have been proposed, including diseases, galactic gamma rays, dark matter, and even methane from microbes. But since the 1970s, most scientists have considered the likely root cause to be either asteroid impacts, massive volcanic eruptions, or a combination of both.
Those asteroid (or comet) impacts have captured the public imagination ever since 1980, when Luis and Walter Alvarez found global traces of iridium, which they inferred to be extraterrestrial, at the geological boundary that marked the disappearance of the dinosaurs. The identification of the Chicxulub impact crater in Mexico soon after sealed the deal. Impacts have been proposed to explain other mass extinctions, but there’s very little actual evidence to support those links. In the words of researchers David Bond and Stephen Grasby, who reviewed the evidence in 2016: “Despite much searching, there remains only one confirmed example of a bolide impact coinciding with an extinction event.”
Not just a random series of unfortunate events
Volcanism, on the other hand, has coincided with most, if not all, mass extinctions—it looks suspiciously like a serial killer, if you like.
This isn’t your regular Vesuvius/St. Helens/Hawaii style volcanism. It’s not even super-volcanoes like Yellowstone or Tambora. I’m talking about something far, far bigger: a rare, epic volcanic phenomenon called a Large Igneous Province or “LIP.”
LIPs are floods of basalt lava on an unimaginable scale: the Siberian Traps LIP, which erupted at the end-Permian extinction, covers an area the size of Europe. It’s estimated that over 3 million cubic kilometers of rock were vomited onto the planet’s surface,
The end-Triassic Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, stretching from Canada to Brazil into Europe and West Africa, was just as large. Others are similarly gigantic.
In the words of Bond and Grasby, “Four of the ‘Big Five’ extinctions are associated with LIPs—too many to be mere coincidence —implying that large-scale volcanism is the main driver of mass extinctions.”
Even the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous was simultaneous with the Deccan Traps LIP in India. It’s possible that the combination of the Chicxulub asteroid impact and the Deccan eruptions, rather than just the impact, pushed life over the edge.
And recent evidence points to a LIP trigger for the second phase of the end-Ordovician extinction, the one missing from Bond and Grasby’s quote. If confirmed, that would link LIPs to all five of the Big Five extinctions.
Burgess used the new dating techniques to show that the Siberian Traps LIP was also quick, and it happened at precisely the same time as the end-Permian mass extinction—Earth’s most severe. “We dated the first magmas to spread laterally into the shallow Siberian crust and think these magmas are the culprit,” he said. “This spread happened fast and at precisely the same time as the extinction.”
As someone told me years ago, there’s a lot of time in deep time. Yet the LIP and the extinction happen at exactly the same time, even though the gaps between these eruptions are millions or tens of millions of years. That seems enough to declare the LIP a smoking gun behind that extinction.
This is true for multiple LIP-extinction links. Precise matches have been confirmed for the mid-Cambrian, the end-Triassic, the Toarcian, and others. And it isn’t just a date match. Volcanic nickel and mercury have been found at several extinction-aged locations, including for the Ordovician and Cretaceous events.
So if our serial killer is the volcanism associated with an LIP eruption, when will it strike again?
To answer that, we need to find what causes the planet to hemorrhage lava on such a scale. And for that, we need to look deep into Earth’s mantle.
Where tectonic plates converge, slabs of ocean-floor rock plunge continuously into the mantle in a process called subduction. Seismology reveals these slabs sinking toward the core-mantle boundary “like a leaf in a pool,” as geologist Jonny Wu of the University of Houston puts it. That export of rock from the surface into Earth’s interior must be balanced by flow in the other direction. Mantle plumes are part of that return flow, so perhaps the hyperactive plumes that drive LIPs begin with hyperactive subduction, as Romanowicz told Ars:
“I think there is time dependence in this whole thing. What goes up has to come down, and vice versa,” she said. “It may be that all of a sudden you get a large mass of subducted material that goes into the lower mantle, so this may also trigger things going up in pulses. You may get these pulses of upwelling that give rise to Large Igneous Provinces that occur episodically.”
If Romanowicz is right, then to figure out when Earth will try to kill us again we need to find parts of the world with hyperactive subduction. A prime candidate is East Asia. “The Pacific subduction rate is so fast that you’ve got to find space to get all the slab in there,” said Wu. “And East Asia has had such a long history of subduction it’s jammed up.”
Subducted material has been piling up in the lower mantle beneath the Western Pacific for tens of millions of years, possibly priming the pump for a pulse of upwelling and a future LIP. The thing is, you won’t have to worry about the pile up in your lifetime, or many generations of your descendants. At the rate slabs sink into the lower mantle, it would take at least a couple of hundred million years for that subducted material to return to Earth’s surface.
LIPs may be on a cycle. On average, there’s one every 15 million years, with the last occurring 16 million years ago (the Columbia River LIP in northwestern USA). By that rough reckoning, we are overdue for another. But Olson and others link LIPs to longer cycles in Earth’s magnetic field, which switch between eras of rapid magnetic field reversals (roughly every 200,000 years) to periods of no reversals (lasting 25 to 40 million years).
Since the churning of liquid metal that generates our magnetic field is driven by the flow of heat from the core, changes in how well the mantle insulates the core should, Olson argues, affect the magnetic field. Seismologists have mapped out two continent-sized hot regions in the lower mantle called “Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces” or “LLSVPs,” that peak 1,800 kilometers above the core-mantle boundary. Olson thinks these may go through a long-term cycle of growth followed by slumping, which paces core heat loss and magnetic reversals. He proposes that slumping LLSVPs also kick-start hyperactive mantle plumes, which erupt as LIPs 30 to 60 million years later.
How the Earth will try to kill us again
Even if LIPs are the “smoking gun” behind most mass extinctions, that still doesn’t tell us how they killed animals. It wasn’t the lava. Despite the moniker—flood basalts—these are not raging torrents. You could probably out-walk the lava from a Large Igneous Province. As vast as they were, they flowed in much the same way as lava in Iceland or Hawaii flows today, with glistening orange and grey lobes swelling, stretching, and spilling to make new lobes. An advancing front will typically move at about a kilometer or two in a day (the average person can walk that distance in 30 minutes).
Unfortunately, gas is deadlier than lava.
The 1783-4 Laki eruption in Iceland gave us a tiny taste of what to expect from a LIP. It bathed Europe in an acid haze for five months, strong enough to burn throats and eyes, scorch vegetation and tarnish metal, to kill insects and even fish. That may be a killer, but, as far as science can tell, the haze from a LIP on its own is unlikely to be sufficient to cause a mass extinction. The climate effects of volcanic gases are deadlier still. Stratospheric sulfur from Laki cooled the planet by 1.3 degrees Celsius for three years, triggering one of the most severe winters on record in Europe, North America, Russia, and Japan. Famines ensued in many parts of the world, and that may have planted the seeds for the French Revolution five years later.
A decade-long LIP eruption could cool the planet by about 4.5 degrees Celsius, although the climate would recover in 50 years. This would no doubt cause geopolitical and financial chaos, but it’s unlikely by itself to eradicate a significant percentage of species from the sea, given the time it takes to mix the oceans (about a thousand years) and their huge thermal inertia.
That is borne out by the fact that not every LIP causes a mass extinction. As an example, the Paraná–Etendeka LIP, which erupted 134 million years ago in South America and Southern Africa, had only a small effect on climate and no mass extinction. The Columbia River LIP is another example of a relatively harmless event, despite blanketing a large part of northwestern USA in lava.
Something else must be required to kill off life on a global scale. The clue is, once again, revealed by precise rock dates.
https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/11/when-will-the-earth-try-to-kill-us-again/
Guest- Guest
Re: Abenologija
yeah, that's right, and you know it :)Gnječ wrote:Noor wrote:pitam se..zašto?Rabarbara wrote:Zamrla Abenologija.
Posvojeno čedo se zanemaruje
vodi se hibridni rat bikoz It's So Good To Be Bad.
_________________
It's So Good To Be Bad
Noor- Posts : 25907
2017-10-06
Re: Abenologija
Pitaj glavnog u kokošinjcu.Noor wrote:pitam se..zašto?Rabarbara wrote:Zamrla Abenologija.
Posvojeno čedo se zanemaruje
Guest- Guest
Page 40 of 50 • 1 ... 21 ... 39, 40, 41 ... 45 ... 50
Page 40 of 50
Permissions in this forum:
You cannot reply to topics in this forum